Scheme of solar remote monitoring system

A friend mentioned how to realize solar remote monitoring? This is also widely used in outdoor monitoring applications. Let's take a look today.

I. what is solar energy

Solar energy, generally refers to the radiant energy of sunlight, which is generally used for power generation in modern times. Since the formation of living things on the earth, they have lived mainly by the heat and light provided by the sun. Since ancient times, people have also known to dry things by the sun as a way to preserve food, such as salt making and salting fish. However, with the decrease of fossil fuels, solar energy is intended to be further developed. There are two ways of solar energy utilization: passive utilization (photothermal conversion) and photoelectric conversion. Solar power is a new renewable energy. In a broad sense, solar energy is the source of many energies on the earth, such as wind energy, chemical energy, potential energy of water, etc. In billions of years, solar energy is the ideal energy which can not be used up.

Solar energy is not only primary energy, but also renewable energy. It is rich in resources, which can be used free of charge without transportation and without any pollution to the environment. It creates a new life form for human beings, and makes society and human beings enter an era of energy conservation and pollution reduction.

II. Composition of solar power supply system

The solar power generation system is composed of solar cell group, solar controller and battery (Group). If the output power supply is AC 220V or 110V and complementary to the mains, the inverter and the mains intelligent switcher shall also be configured.

1. Solar array is solar panel

This is the core part of the solar photovoltaic power generation system. Its main function is to convert solar photons into electrical energy, so as to promote the load work. Solar cells are divided into monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells and amorphous silicon solar cells. Monocrystalline silicon battery is the most commonly used battery due to its durability, long service life (generally up to 20 years) and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

2. Solar charging controller

Its main work is to control the state of the whole system, and to protect the overcharge and over discharge of the battery. It also has the function of temperature compensation in the place of extremely low temperature.

3. Solar energy deep cycle battery

As the name implies, battery is a kind of storage battery. It mainly stores the electric energy converted from solar panel. It is usually lead-acid battery, which can be recycled for many times.

In the whole process monitoring system, some equipment need to provide 220 V, 110 V AC power, while the direct output of solar energy is generally 12 VDC, 24 VDC, 48 VDC. Therefore, in order to provide power for 22vac and 11ovac equipment, DC / AC inverter must be added in the system to convert the DC power generated in the solar photovoltaic power generation system into AC power.

III. principle of solar power generation

The simplest principle of solar power generation is what we call chemical reaction, that is, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. This conversion process is the process that photons of solar radiation energy are converted into electrical energy through semiconductor materials, usually called "photovoltaic effect". Solar cells are made of this effect.

We know that when sunlight hits the semiconductor, some photons are reflected off the surface, and the rest are either absorbed or penetrated by the semiconductor. Of course, some of the absorbed photons become hot, while others collide with the valence electrons that make up the semiconductor, resulting in an electron hole pair. In this way, the solar energy is transformed into electric energy in the form of electron hole pair, and then through the electric field reaction inside the semiconductor, a certain amount of current is generated. If a piece of battery semiconductor is connected in various ways, a plurality of current voltage will be formed, thus the output power rate.

IV. application of solar energy

1. Disadvantages of traditional power supply

Solar power generation and solar power supply technology are increasingly used in civil applications. In forest, road, river, mountain and other applications of communication or audio and video electronic equipment, the power is mainly supplied by power grid and battery. Battery power supply can only solve temporary needs and can not be used as long-term power supply. However, there are many disadvantages in adopting power grid power supply mode:

A. the power supply mode is cable transmission, so the project construction is difficult and the cost is high;

B. the system is inconvenient to maintain, the high-pressure transmission has potential safety hazards, and the operation cost is high;

C. difficulty in installation and networking.

2. Advantages of solar power supply

When the solar power supply system works, it does not need water, oil, steam, fuel, as long as there is light, it can generate electricity. It is clean and pollution-free renewable energy, and it has simple installation and maintenance, long service life, can realize unattended, and it is favored by people, and it is the leader of new energy. In recent years, the application of solar energy in the world is more and more extensive, especially in the field, solar power system is gradually replacing some traditional power equipment, getting more and more common application.

Advantages of solar energy:

A. safe and reliable, no noise, no radiation, no fuel consumption, no mechanical rotating parts, low failure rate and long service life;

B. environmental friendly and beautiful, not limited by geographical location, short construction period, random scale, simple disassembly and convenient movement;

C. ready to use, low cost of disassembly and damage, easy to combine with buildings, no need to embed high transmission lines, and no damage to vegetation and environment and engineering cost during long-distance cable laying;